<Options>

㉠ The student participation increase rate for Z in 2022, compared to 2019, is greater than that of X.
㉡ Student participation increased every year from 2020 to 2023.
㉢ If Y had 500 students in 2019, then the number of students in 2021 would be at least 490.

Note: The total smartphone revenue for Q12024 is $20 billion, and the tablet revenue is $18 billion.

※ Energy efficiency rate: Recycled energy / Total energy consumed × 100

<Options>

㉠ The number of complaint submissions in 2022 increased by more than 110% compared to 2019.
㉡ The year-on-year trends for offline and online complaint submission rates from 2020 to 2022 were the same.
㉢ The year with the highest number of offline complaint submissions was 2019.

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Note: The sales index for large retail stores in each region for a given year = (Sales at large retail stores in the region for the given year / Sales at large retail stores in the region in 2020) × 100

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<Options>

㉠ In 2023, Chicago’s large retail store sales increased by more than 5% compared to the previous year.

㉡ In 2020, Philadelphia's large retail store sales were less than 60% of Los Angeles' sales.  

㉢ In 2021, Phoenix's large retail store sales were more than $40 billion.

Defective Units=Defect Rate×Total Production

[Premise 1] - All people who ride bicycles wear helmets.
‍[Premise 2] - Some people who use scooters ride bicycles.
‍[Conclusion] - ( )

[Premise 1] - Some designers create clothing.
‍[Premise 2] - ( )
‍[Conclusion] - Some clothing sellers are designers.

[Premise 1] - All machine operators wear safety equipment.
[Premise 2] - All safety equipment wearers are safety managers.

[Conclusion] - ( )

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<Statements>  

㉠ A: B is not lying.  

㉡ B: If C’s statement is true, then D’s statement is also true.  

㉢ C: E is lying.  

㉣ D: If B’s statement is false, then C’s statement is true.  

㉤ E: If A’s statement is true, then D’s statement is false.

<Conditions>

1. Each team has at most 2 assistant managers, and the number of assistant managers on each team is not less than the number of new employees.
2. Except for one team, the number of members on each team is odd.
3. One of the teams with an even number is composed only of assistant managers.
4. The total number of members on the teams with even numbers is 4.
5. If there is a new employee in Team 1, there is also a new employee in Team 3.
6. The total number of assistant managers across the 4 teams is twice the total number of new employees.
7. The number of members on Team 4 is greater than the number of members on Team 3.

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Conditions:

1. A and B are standing either at the very front or the very back of the line.
2. The person standing second from the front is not wearing an orange hat.
3. Two people are wearing red hats, and one person is wearing a yellow hat.
4. No two people wearing the same colored hat are standing directly behind one another.
5. D is wearing an orange hat.
6. C is standing in the middle of the line, and from C’s position, they can see someone in front wearing a red hat.

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Conditions:

• Two employees each are from the Strategy and Technology departments, and the remaining employees are all from the Safety Management department.
• Safety Management department employees will be assigned to consecutive rooms. (Rooms 1-4 are arranged in a row.)
• A, B, and C each belong to different departments, and F and H belong to the same department.
• H is assigned to Room 1, and A, who is from a different department, cannot be assigned to the same room.
• B belongs to a different department from H.
• E belongs to the same department as B, and G and F are from different departments.
• The Technology department employees are assigned to even-numbered rooms.
• D does not use Room 4 and D and E will be assigned to consecutive rooms.

Options:

Ⓐ The Technology department employees are A and G.
Ⓑ The employees assigned to Room 3 are A and G.
Ⓒ D is assigned to Room 2.

[Condition]

• The pen between the pig and the goat is pen D.
• The goat is kept in either pen B or pen C.
• The elephant is kept in pen A, and the pig is not kept in pen E.
• There is at least one other animal between the sheep and the goat.
• The elephant's pen and the pig's pen are adjacent.
• Pen D is located in the middle.

Conditions:

• John, Mark, Sarah, and Jane are from the General Affairs, Management, HR, and Planning departments, respectively, and their positions are Assistant Manager, Manager, Deputy Manager, and Director.
• Sarah is in the Planning department but is not the Manager.
• Mark is not in the HR department and is not the Assistant Manager.
• Sarah is either in the HR or Planning department, and her position is Deputy Manager.
• Jane is not in the General Affairs department and is not the Manager.

[Statement]

A: Sarah is the Director.
B: Mark is the Manager of the General Affairs department.

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Conditions:

• D sleeps in an adjacent room to F on the same floor, but is not adjacent to I on the same floor.
• A and G are married men.
• The man D sleeps alone in the central room.
• The central room on each floor is not used by couples, and the rooms used by couples are not adjacent vertically (above or below).
• Single people of the same gender can only share rooms, and women cannot share adjacent rooms on the same floor.
• B (a woman) shares the same floor as F, but does not share the same floor as C (a man).

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Conditions:

• Only one car can park on each floor.
• Floor 5 of building A and floor 3 of building B are not available.
• P is parked on the 4th floor of building A, and M is parked on the 2nd floor of building B.
• O is parked on a higher floor than Q.
• K, L, and Q are parked in building B.

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Statements:

A: I am not lying.

B: C is lying.

C: If A is lying, then D is also lying.

D: If B is lying, then C is telling the truth.

E: I am telling the truth.

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Conditions:

• The 6 people are each seated in either row A or row B, with no two people sitting in the same seat.
• Charlie’s seat is not adjacent (in front or beside) to Alex's seat.
• The empty seats must be at the outermost positions.
• Charlie's seat is in row B, and neither side of Charlie's seat is empty.
• Ethan and Frank are seated facing each other.
• There is someone who has an empty seat in front of them.
• David is seated in the same row as Alex.
• The two empty seats cannot both be in the same row.

[Laboratory Room Seat Arrangement]

Conditions:

• There is no week during the 5 weeks where none of the department heads is on a trip.
• The HR and General Affairs heads' trip periods do not overlap at all.
• The Finance head cannot be on a trip in the last week.
• The Planning and General Affairs heads’ trips overlap by one week.
• The Finance and HR heads' trip periods are exactly the same.

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(A) Nonetheless, to contribute to the global challenge of responding to the climate crisis, Samsung has set a plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, aiming for net zero direct and indirect carbon emissions (Scope 1 and 2). The DX division will prioritize achieving carbon neutrality by 2030, while the entire company, including the DS division, targets 2050, with efforts to achieve this as early as possible.

(B) First, the carbon emissions directly generated by Samsung (Scope 1) mainly result from process gases used in semiconductor manufacturing and the use of fuels like LNG. Samsung plans to develop innovative technologies to drastically improve the efficiency of process gas treatment by 2030 and expand carbon reduction facilities in its production lines.

(C) In August 2022, Samsung established a new environmental management strategy and is taking on the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality, with the goal of net zero carbon emissions. As a company with a vast business structure that directly manufactures products in various areas of the ICT industry, including semiconductors, smartphones, TVs, and home appliances, the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality, including the shift to renewable energy, is particularly difficult.

(D) Additionally, to reduce indirect carbon emissions (Scope 2) caused by electricity usage, Samsung has joined the global initiative RE100. Despite unfavorable conditions for renewable energy supply in Korea compared to its high power demand, the company plans to transition 100% of its electricity usage to renewable energy by 2050. To this end, it aims to meet its renewable energy goals at all overseas sites by 2027.

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(A) These microfibers are generally released more during washing machine cycles or dryer use rather than when worn. After conducting research, Samsung developed the "Ecobubble" technology, which quickly dissolves detergent into rich bubbles that penetrate laundry quickly, providing fast and clean washing even in cold water.

(B) Among microplastics, "microfibers" are especially released from clothing and account for 16-35% of annual ocean microplastic pollution. Microfibers, smaller than 5mm in length, are released from synthetic fibers such as polyester, nylon, spandex, and acrylic. They are either invisible to the naked eye or appear as fine strands.

(C) This technology significantly reduces fabric friction, the main cause of microfiber release. At CES 2023, the world's largest home appliance expo held in Las Vegas, Samsung introduced a new washing machine equipped with a "Microfiber Reduction Cycle," which can reduce microfiber emissions by up to 54%.

(D) Microplastic pollution occurs when plastic bottles, yogurt cups, and waste break down into tiny plastic particles, which flow into rivers and oceans, spreading through ocean currents. This is not limited to marine pollution; research shows that humans also ingest the equivalent of a credit card's worth of microplastics from air and water every week.

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(A) Additionally, Samsung expects medium-term opportunities, such as changes in consumer behavior and preferences for eco-friendly products, and long-term risks, including physical impacts like rising temperatures and water resource depletion.

(B) Samsung identifies the financial or strategic impacts of climate change-related risks and establishes response strategies based on the significance of these issues and their impact on business. The risks include the global climate system, strengthened regional regulations, market changes, stakeholder demands, and physical environmental changes.

(C) For long-term risks, in particular, Samsung develops response measures by considering factors such as national reduction plans under the Paris Agreement, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports, and the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Energy Technology Perspectives.

(D) In the short term, Samsung recognizes potential risks such as rising carbon credit prices, increased investment costs for high-efficiency technologies, and rising costs associated with coping with abnormal weather events and restoration. It views external carbon credit acquisitions as a means to mitigate carbon price sensitivity and recognizes energy cost reduction through the introduction of high-efficiency technologies as an opportunity.

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(A) In 2018, Samsung began research to calculate living wages in countries where its production bases are located, in order to provide employees with an adequate standard of living. By 2022, it adjusted living wages based on economic growth rates and consumer prices, analyzing the impact of the pandemic-induced economic downturn and inflation on the basic living conditions of its employees.

(B) Based on this, Samsung analyzed the living wage gaps for production workers at 20 global subsidiaries in 2022. As a result, it is improving the wages and benefits of some production subsidiaries to align with the living wages estimated using the Anker Methodology.

(C) To ensure accuracy in calculating living wages, the widely accepted Anker Methodology was applied in this study. Various items were considered, such as household food and non-food expenses, the number of workers and dependents per household, by referencing economic indicators published by reputable institutions like the OECD, UN, and Eurostat, in regions where the production subsidiaries operate.

(D) Paying a living wage is one way to guarantee an adequate standard of living for workers, reduce inequality, and address issues related to other working conditions, such as working hours. Although there is no universal agreement on the definition and calculation of a living wage, it is generally understood as sufficient income earned during standard working hours that allows workers and their families to maintain a decent standard of living.

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NAND technology is a type of data storage technology that holds a particularly important position in the field of flash memory. It offers high storage density and fast read and write speeds and is widely used in SSDs, smartphones, tablets, and cloud services. Recent advancements in NAND technology include 3D NAND, which layers multiple levels to store more data. This is seen as an effective way to maximize storage capacity and reduce costs. As the amount of data worldwide continues to increase rapidly, demand for NAND technology is also steadily rising, and advancements in this technology are expected to play a crucial role in meeting future data storage demands.

The global semiconductor industry is led by a few major companies that engage in fierce competition for technological innovation and market share expansion. These companies develop high-performance semiconductor solutions and supply them to various markets, including computing, communications, and consumer electronics, while making significant investments in advanced manufacturing processes and research and development. In recent years, the advancement of semiconductor technology has particularly contributed to the increased demand in emerging fields such as data centers, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, these companies focus on managing global supply chains, optimizing processes from raw material procurement to final product delivery. Semiconductor companies are also adopting sustainable manufacturing practices, seeking ways to reduce environmental impact while improving production efficiency.

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The global semiconductor market has become increasingly volatile due to various economic and technological factors. Global demand growth, supply chain bottlenecks, and international political tensions are affecting the supply and demand of semiconductors. In particular, the demand for semiconductors in the smartphone and automotive industries has surged, prompting manufacturers to strive to expand production capacity. Additionally, the shortened product life cycle due to the adoption of the latest technologies, along with the rapid adoption of new technologies, is creating new trends across the market. The growth of the semiconductor market is also increasing the need for advanced manufacturing technologies, and industry experts expect continued technological advancements in this field.

We cannot be certain of God's existence, but it is irrational not to choose to believe in God. Let’s assume we choose to believe in God. If God exists, we will attain infinite happiness in the afterlife, and if God does not exist, the happiness we experience during our lifetime will be finite. The probability of God's existence is at least greater than zero. Therefore, the expected value of happiness from choosing to believe in God will be infinite. Now, suppose we choose not to believe in God. In that case, the happiness we experience will be only the finite happiness we obtain during our lifetime, meaning the expected value of happiness from not believing in God is finite. We accept the general principle that it is irrational to choose an option that does not maximize expected value. Therefore, it is irrational not to choose to believe in God.

The CSAT (College Scholastic Ability Test) plays an important role in the domestic university admission system, and this can be proven through various arguments. First, the CSAT provides a fair competitive opportunity. All students take the same test, and their chances of entering university are determined by their scores. This allows students to compete based on their abilities and efforts, regardless of their region, school, or family background. Such fair opportunities ensure social fairness and facilitate the discovery of talent. Second, the CSAT contributes to the nation's academic development and talent cultivation. As a national standard evaluation, the CSAT assesses academic knowledge and problem-solving skills. By identifying excellent students and allowing them to enter universities, it enhances academic competitiveness and contributes to nurturing talent in specialized fields. The CSAT plays a role in identifying talent from a national perspective and securing an academic foundation for national development. Third, the CSAT motivates students to strive toward their goals. The CSAT provides a clear direction as the final goal for university admission. Students put in a great deal of effort and study to achieve this, pushing forward with determination for their future. This motivation strengthens students' attitudes toward learning and fosters a sense of achievement, encouraging continuous learning.

Albert Einstein revolutionized the paradigm of physics by presenting the theory of relativity in the early 20th century. The theory of relativity discusses the relativity of time and space and played an innovative role in solving issues related to the speed of light. Einstein emphasized in his theory that time and space are interconnected. According to the theory, the boundaries of time and space merge into one, and this space-time is no longer absolute. As a result, the occurrence time or spatial location of physical events also becomes relative. Additionally, the theory emphasizes that the speed of light is constant. This contradicts our common experience, as even when the relative speed between the object emitting light and the observers is fast, the speed of light remains constant. This theory of relativity became a groundbreaking theory in physics and has been proven through numerous experimental verifications. Moreover, the theory of relativity is an essential foundation in modern physics and is applied in various fields, including the formation and evolution of the universe and the principles of gravity.